DU Admission Question Solution 2003 [A unit]

  1. āύāĻŋāĻŽā§āύ⧇āϰ āϕ⧋āύāϟāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋāĻŸā§‹āύ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āϝāĻ•āϰ⧀ āĻŽā§‚āϞāĻ• ?

-OH

 >C=O

-CHO

-COOH

  1. 0.1 M āĻšāĻžāχāĻĄā§āϰ⧋āĻ•ā§āϞ⧋āϰāĻŋāĻ• āĻāϏāĻŋāĻĄā§‡āϰ pH āĻŽāĻžāύ āĻ•āϤ?

0.1

 1.0

1.1

10.1

  1. āĻŦāĻžā§Ÿā§āϰ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻĒāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāϤāĻŋāϤ⧇ āωāĻšā§āϚāϤāĻžāĻĒāĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰāĻžā§Ÿ(600°C)      (600°C)      āĻ•āĻžāĻ āϕ⧇ āĻĻāĻšāύ āĻ•āϰāϞ⧇ āύāĻŋāĻšā§‡āϰ āϕ⧋āύāϟāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāĻ“ā§ŸāĻž āϝāĻžā§Ÿ?

āϕ⧋āĻ•

āĻ›āĻžāχ

 āĻ•āĻžāĻ āĻ•ā§ŸāϞāĻž

āĻ—ā§āϞ⧁āϕ⧋āϜ

  1. āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāϏāĻŋāϟāĻŋāϞāĻŋāύ āϝ⧌āϗ⧇āϰ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ…āϪ⧁āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āĻŽā§‹āϟ āϏāĻŋāĻ—āĻŽāĻž āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧāύ⧇āϰ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻž āĻšāϞ-

 3

1

2

0

  1. 4.0 g āĻšāĻžāχāĻĄā§āϰ⧋āĻœā§‡āύāϕ⧇ āĻ…āϤāĻŋāϰāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϤ āĻ…āĻ•ā§āϏāĻŋāĻœā§‡āύ⧇ āĻĒā§‹ā§œāĻžāϞ⧇ āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒāĻ¨ā§āύ āĻĒāĻžāύāĻŋāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻŖ –

16 g

18 g

54 g

 36 g

  1. āĻĒāϟāĻžāϏāĻŋ⧟āĻžāĻŽ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŽā§āϝāĻžāĻ‚āĻ—āĻžāύ⧇āϟ (KMnO4) -āĻ āĻŽā§āϝāĻžāĻ‚āĻ—āĻžāύāĻŋāϜ āĻāϰ āϜāĻžāϰāĻŖ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻž āĻšāϞ –

+ 2

+5

 + 7

+ 6

  1. āύāĻŋāĻŽā§āύ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋ⧟āĻžāϰ āύāĻžāĻŽ āĻ•āĻŋ?C6H5R+HXanhydrous AlCl3−−−−−−−−−→C6H6 +RX    C6H5R+HX→anhydrous AlCl3C6H6 +RX

āωāĻ°ā§āϟāϜ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋ⧟āĻž

āωāĻ°ā§āϟāϜ āĻĢāĻŋāϟāĻŋāĻ—ā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋ⧟āĻž

 āĻĢāĻŋāĻĄā§‡āϞāĻ•ā§āϰāĻžāĻĢāĻŸā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋ⧟āĻž

āϕ⧋āĻŦ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋ⧟āĻž

  1. āĻ•āĻĒāĻžāϰ āϏāĻžāϞāĻĢ⧇āĻŸā§‡āϰ āϜāĻ˛ā§€ā§Ÿ āĻĻā§āϰāĻŦāϪ⧇ āĻāϏāĻŋāĻĄā§‡āϰ āωāĻĒāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāϤāĻŋāϤ⧇H2S  H2S āĻ—ā§āϝāĻžāϏ āϚāĻžāϞāύāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϞ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋ āϘāϟāĻŦ⧇ –

āĻĻā§āϰāĻŦāĻŖāϟāĻŋ āύ⧀āϞ āĻšāϞ⧇

 āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧋ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āϪ⧇āϰ āĻ…āϧāσāĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻĒ āĻĒ⧜āĻŦ⧇

āĻĻā§āϰāĻŦāĻŖāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻĻāĻžāĻŽā§€ āĻšāĻŦ⧇

āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϏāĻžāĻĻāĻž āĻŦāĻ°ā§āϪ⧇āϰ āĻ…āϧāσāĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻĒ āĻĒ⧜āĻŦ⧇

  1. C6H5OH+ NH3ZnCl2−−−→C6H5OH + NH3→ZnCl2 āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋ⧟āĻžāϰ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒāĻ¨ā§āύ āĻšā§Ÿ?

āĻŦ⧇āύāϜ⧟āĻŋāĻ• āĻāϏāĻŋāĻĄ

āύāĻžāχāĻŸā§āϰ⧋āĻŦ⧇āύāϜāĻŋāύ

 āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāύāĻŋāϞāĻŋāύ

āĻ•ā§āϞ⧋āϰ⧋āĻŦ⧇āύāϜāĻŋāύ

  1. āϕ⧋āĻŦ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋ⧟āĻžā§Ÿ āϕ⧋āύāϟāĻŋ āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒāĻ¨ā§āύ āĻšā§Ÿ?

 āĻ¸ā§āϝāĻžāϞāĻŋāϏāĻžāχāϞāĻŋāĻ• āĻāϏāĻŋāĻĄ

āĻŦ⧇āύāϜ⧟āĻŋāĻ• āĻāϏāĻŋāĻĄ

āĻĨā§āϝāĻžāϞāĻŋāĻ• āĻāϏāĻŋāĻĄ

āĻĒāĻŋāĻ•āϰāĻŋāĻ• āĻāϏāĻŋāĻĄ

  1. āύāĻŋāĻšā§‡āϰ āϝ⧌āĻ—āϗ⧁āϞāĻŋāϰ āϕ⧋āύāϟāĻŋ āĻšā§‡āĻ•ā§āϏ⧇āύ⧇āϰ āϏāĻŽāĻžāϪ⧁ āύ⧟ –

2,3 dimethy1 butane

2,2 dimethy1 butane

 2,2 dimethy 1 propane

2-methy1 pentane

  1. A + B – C āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋ⧟āĻžāϟāĻŋāϰ āĻ—āϤāĻŋ āϏāĻŽā§€āĻ•āϰāĻŖ āĻšāϞ⧋v=k[A]2 :A v=k[A]2 :AāĻāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϰāĻŽā§āĻ­āĻŋāĻ• āϘāύāĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰāĻž āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϗ⧁āĻŖ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϞ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋ⧟āĻžāϟāĻŋāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϰāĻŽā§āĻ­āĻŋāĻ• āĻ—āϤāĻŋ āĻ•āϤāϗ⧁āĻŖ āĻŦ⧃āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāĻŦ⧇-

2

3

 4

8

  1. s āĻŦā§āϞāĻ• āĻŽā§ŒāϞ⧇āϰ āϧāĻ°ā§āĻŽ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ• āωāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋāϟāĻŋ āϚāĻŋāĻšā§āύāĻŋāϤ āĻ•āϰ-

Mg2+Mg2+ āĻāϰ āĻ†ā§ŸāύāĻŋāĻ• āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāϏāĻžāĻ°ā§āϧ Na+ āĻ…āĻĒ⧇āĻ•ā§āώāĻž āωāĻšā§āϚāϤāϰ

 Na āĻāϰ āĻ—āϞāύāĻžāĻ‚āĻ• Mg āĻ…āĻĒ⧇āĻ•ā§āώāĻž āύāĻŋāĻŽā§āύāϤāϰ

Na āĻāϰ āĻ—āϞāύāĻžāĻ‚āĻ• āϏāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻĻāĻž Mg āĻ…āĻĒ⧇āĻ•ā§āώāĻž āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ• āĻŦ⧇āĻļāĻŋ āĨ¤

āĻĨ āĻāϰ āĻ†ā§Ÿāύ⧀āĻ•āϰāĻŖ āĻļāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ Na āĻ…āĻĒ⧇āĻ•ā§āώāĻž āωāĻšā§āϚāϤāϰ āĨ¤

  1. āϕ⧋āύ āϝ⧌āĻ—āϟāĻŋāϰ āĻ†ā§ŸāύāĻŋāĻ• āĻŦ⧈āĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āϝ āϏāĻ°ā§āĻŦā§‹āĻšā§āϚ –

  AlF3   AlF3

AlCl3 AlCl3

SiCl4   SiCl4

SiF4 SiF4

  1. āύāĻŋāĻŽā§āύ⧇ āĻĻā§‡ā§ŸāĻž āĻ…āϰāĻŦāĻŋāϟāĻžāϞāϏāĻŽā§‚āĻšā§‡āϰ āϕ⧋āύāϟāĻŋ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻž āϏāĻŽā§āĻ­āĻŦ āĻšā§Ÿ?

1 s

2p

 2d

4d

  1. āϕ⧋āύ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋ⧟āĻžāϰ āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āĻ§ā§āϰ⧁āĻŦāĻ• K -āĻāϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰāĻž āϝāĻĻāĻŋ(Time)−1(Time)-1āĻšā§Ÿ, āϤāĻŦ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋ⧟āĻžāϟāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŽ āĻšāĻŦ⧇-

 āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŽ

āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¤ā§€ā§Ÿ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŽ

āĻļā§‚āĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŽ

āϤ⧃āĻ¤ā§€ā§Ÿ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŽ

  1. āύāĻŋāĻŽā§āύ⧇āϰ āϕ⧋āύ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋ⧟āĻžāϟāĻŋKp=Kc?  Kp=Kc?

PCl5(g)→PCl3(g) + Cl2(g)      PCl5(g)→PCl3(g) + Cl2(g)

N2(s) + 3H2(g) →2NH3(g)      N2(s) + 3H2(g) →2NH3(g)

2SO2(g) + O2(g)→2SO3(g) 2SO2(g) + O2(g)→2SO3(g)

 2HI (g)→ H2(g) + I2(g)2HI (g)→ H2(g) + I2(g)

  1. āύāĻŋāĻšā§‡āϰ āϕ⧋āύāϟāĻŋ āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāĻŽā§‹āύāĻŋ⧟āĻžāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋ⧟āĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇ āχāωāϰāĻŋ⧟āĻž āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇ –

 CO2CO2

H2O   H2O

CH4  CH4

C6H6      C6H6

  1. āϧāĻžāϤ⧁āϏāĻŽā§‚āĻšā§‡āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āϕ⧋āύāϟāĻŋ āĻ­ā§‚-āĻĒ⧃āĻˇā§āϠ⧇ āϏāĻŦāĻšā§‡ā§Ÿā§‡ āĻŦ⧇āĻļā§€ āĻĒāĻžāĻ“ā§ŸāĻž āϝāĻžā§Ÿ-

Iron

Potassium

Calcium

 Aluminium

  1. āύāĻŋāĻŽā§āύāϞāĻŋāϤāĻŋ āϕ⧋āύ āĻ—ā§āϰ⧁āĻĒ⧇āϰ āĻŽā§ŒāϞāĻĻā§āĻŦ⧟ āĻĒāĻŋāϰāĻŋ⧟āĻĄāĻŋāĻ• āĻŸā§‡āĻŦāĻŋāϞ⧇āϰ āĻāĻ•āχ āĻĒāĻŋāϰāĻŋ⧟āĻĄ āĻļā§āϰ⧇āĻŖā§€āϭ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ?

Na, K

O,S

Ar, Kr

 Cu, Zn

  1. āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ250 cm3  250 cm3  āĻĻā§āϰāĻŦāϪ⧇ 5.3 g    Na2CO3       Na2CO3     āĻĻā§āϰāĻŦā§€āĻ­ā§‚āϤ āĻ°ā§Ÿā§‡āϛ⧇āĨ¤ āĻāχ āĻĻā§āϰāĻŦāĻŖāϟāĻŋāϰ āϘāύāĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰāĻž āĻ•āϤ āĻŽā§‹āϞāĻžāϰ āĻšāĻŦ⧇ –

 0.2 M

5.3 M

10.6 M

1.0 M

  1. āύāĻŋāĻŽā§āύāϰ āϕ⧋āύ āϝ⧌āϗ⧇ āύāĻŋāσāϏāĻ™ā§āĻ— āχāϞ⧇āĻ•āĻŸā§āϰāύ āĻœā§‹ā§œ āφāϛ⧇āĨ¤

CH4  CH4

BCl3 BCl3

BeCl2 BeCl2

   NH3   NH3

  1. āϕ⧋āύ āĻ•ā§‹ā§ŸāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϟāĻžāĻŽ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻž āχāϞ⧇āĻ•ā§āĻŸā§āϰāύ āĻ…āĻŦāĻŋāϟāĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āφāĻ•ā§ƒāϤāĻŋ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļ āĻ•āϰ⧇ ?

n

 l

m

s

  1. āϕ⧋āύ āύāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋ⧟ āĻ—ā§āϝāĻžāϏ āĻŦāĻžāϤāĻžāϏ⧇ āϏāĻŦāĻšā§‡ā§Ÿā§‡ āĻŦ⧇āĻļāĻŋ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāϪ⧇ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇?

He

Ne

 Ar

Kr

  1. āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋ⧟āĻžāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ­āĻžāĻŦāϕ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ –

āϏāĻžāĻŽā§āϝāĻžāĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāϕ⧇āϰ āĻĻāĻŋāϕ⧇ āϏāϰāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āĻĻ⧇āĻŦ⧇

āϕ⧇āĻŦāϞ āĻ…āĻ—ā§āϰāĻ—āĻžāĻŽā§€ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋ⧟āĻžāϰ āĻ—āϤāĻŋ āĻŦ⧃āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋ āĻ•āϰ⧇

 āĻ…āĻ—ā§āϰāĻĒāĻļā§āϚāĻžā§Ž āωāϭ⧟ āĻĻāĻŋāϕ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋ⧟āĻžāϰ āĻ—āϤāĻŋ āĻŦ⧃āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋ āĻ•āϰ⧇

āĻĒāĻļā§āϚāĻžā§ŽāĻ—āĻžāĻŽā§€ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋ⧟āĻžāϰ āĻ—āϤāĻŋ āĻŦ⧃āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋ āĻ•āϰ⧇

  1. āĻ•āĻ•ā§āώ āϤāĻžāĻĒāĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰāĻžā§Ÿ āĻĒāĻžāύāĻŋāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āĻ•ā§āϝāĻžāϞāϏāĻŋ⧟āĻžāĻŽ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻžāχāĻĄā§‡āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋ⧟āĻžāϰ āĻĢāϞ⧇ āύāĻŋāĻšā§‡āϰ āϕ⧋āύ āϝ⧌āĻ—āϟāĻŋ āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒāĻ¨ā§āύ āĻšā§Ÿ –

āχāĻĨāĻŋāϞāĻŋāύ

āĻŽāĻŋāĻĨ⧇āύ

 āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāϏāĻŋāϟāĻŋāϞāĻŋāύ

āχāĻĨ⧇āύ

  1. āϕ⧋āύāϟāĻŋ āϜāĻžāϰāĻŖ-āĻŦāĻŋāϜāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋ⧟āĻž āύ⧟ –

2FeCl3(aq) +SnCl2(aq)→ SnCl4(aq) + 2FeCl2(aq)  2FeCl3(aq) +SnCl2(aq)→ SnCl4(aq) + 2FeCl2(aq)

PbS(s) + 4H2O2(aq) →PbSO4(aq) + 4H2O(1)PbS(s) + 4H2O2(aq) →PbSO4(aq) + 4H2O(1)

H2S(aq) + Cl2 →2HCl(aq) +S(s) H2S(aq) + Cl2 →2HCl(aq) +S(s)

   NaCl(aq)+AgNO3(aq)→AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq)  NaCl(aq)+AgNO3(aq)→AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq)

  1. āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāϞāϕ⧋āĻšāϞ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āĻ—ā§āϰāĻŋāĻ—āύāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĄ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϰāϕ⧇āϰ (RMgX) āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋ⧟āĻžā§Ÿ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒāĻ¨ā§āύ āĻšā§Ÿ-

āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāϞāĻ•āĻŋāύ

āχāĻĨāĻžāϰ

 āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāϞāϕ⧇āύ

āĻāϏāĻŋāĻĄ

 

  1. 27°C27°C  āϤāĻžāĻĒāĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰāĻžā§Ÿ 1.0 atm āϚāĻžāĻĒ⧇ 8.2 L āĻ†ā§ŸāϤāύ⧇āϰ āϕ⧋āύ āĻ—ā§āϝāĻžāϏ⧇āϰ āĻ­āϰ 6.0 āĨ¤ āĻ—ā§āϝāĻžāϏāϟāĻŋāϰ āφāĻĒ⧇āĻ•ā§āώāĻŋāĻ• āĻ­āϰ āĻ•āϤ?

44

 18

28

16

  1. H2 +C2→2HCl  + 44 kCal   H2 +C2→2HCl  + 44 kCal āϏāĻŽā§€āĻ•āϰāĻŖāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦ⧇āϚāύāĻž āĻ•āϰāĨ¤ āύāĻŋāĻšā§‡āϰ āϕ⧋āύ āĻ•āĻžāϜāϟāĻŋ āĻāχ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋ⧟āĻžāϰ āϏāĻžāĻŽā§āϝāĻžāĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĻāĻŋāϕ⧇ āϏāϰāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āĻĻ⧇āĻŦ⧇-

 H2 H2  āϝ⧇āĻžāĻ— āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϞ⧇

Cl2        Cl2 āϏāϰāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āύāĻŋāϞ⧇

HCl  HCl  āϝ⧋āĻ— āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϞ⧇

āϤāĻžāĻĒāĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰāĻž āĻŦ⧃āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϞ⧇

 

  1. ‘āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•ā§ƒāĻˇā§āϟ’ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ⧇āϰ āϝāĻĨāĻžāϝāĻĨ āωāĻšā§āϚāĻžāϰāĻŖ –

āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•ā§ƒāĻˇā§āϟ

āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•ā§ƒāώāĻŸā§‹

āĻĒā§āϰ⧋āĻ•ā§ƒāĻˇā§āϟ

 āĻĒā§āϰ⧋āĻ•ā§ƒāĻļā§āĻŸā§‹

  1. ‘āĻ•āĻžāρāϚāĻŋ’ āϕ⧋āύ āĻ­āĻžāώāĻž āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻž āĻ­āĻžāώāĻž āĻāϏ⧇āϛ⧇?

 āϤ⧁āĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻŋ

āĻĢāĻžāϰāϏāĻŋ

āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϤ⧁āĻ—āĻŋāϜ

āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻž

  1. ‘āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϏāĻ™ā§āĻ—āĻŋāĻ•’ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāϟāĻŋ āϕ⧋āύ āĻĒāĻĻ?

āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ

 āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āώāĻŖ

āĻ…āĻŦā§āϝ⧟

āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āĻˇā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āώāĻŖ

  1. ‘āĻĒā§āϰāϏāĻ¨ā§āύ’ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āϕ⧀āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻ—āĻ āĻŋāϤ?

 āωāĻĒāϏāĻ°ā§āϗ⧁ āϏāĻšāϝ⧋āϗ⧇

āĻ…āύ⧁āϏāĻ°ā§āĻ— āϏāĻšāϝ⧋āϗ⧇

āϏāĻ¨ā§āϧāĻŋāϰ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž

āϏāĻŽāĻžāϏ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āϝ⧇

  1. ‘āĻ—āĻžāϞāĻŋāϚāĻž’ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ⧇āϰ āφāĻ­āĻŋāϧāĻžāύāĻŋāĻ• āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ –

āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻŋ⧟āĻžāύāĻž

āϏāϤāϰāĻžā§āϜāĻŋ

 āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĒ⧇āϟ

āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻŦ

  1. ‘āĻ–āĻžāĻĻāĻŋāϰ’ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āϕ⧀?

 āĻ–ā§Ÿā§‡āϰ

āφāĻŽāϞāĻ•āĻŋ

āϜāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻžāĻĒāĻžāϤāĻž

āĻ–āĻžāĻĻāĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāĻĒ⧜

  1. ‘āĻœā§āĻžāĻžāύ’ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ⧇āϰ āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāϟāĻŋ āϕ⧋āύ āϕ⧋āύ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āϪ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻŋāϞāύ⧇ āĻ—āĻ āĻŋāϤ āĻšā§Ÿā§‡āϛ⧇?

āĻž + āϜ

āĻž + āĻ—

 āĻœā§ + āĻž

āĻ— + āĻž

  1. āĻĒāĻžāĻŖāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ –

āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻ•āĻŦāĻŋ

āύāĻžāĻŸā§āϝāĻ•āϰ

āφāϞāĻ‚āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŋāĻ•

 āĻŦ⧈⧟āĻžāĻ•āϰāĻŖ

  1. āĻŦ⧇āĻ—āĻŽ āϰ⧋āĻ•ā§‡ā§ŸāĻžāϰ āĻŽā§ƒāĻ¤ā§āϝ⧁āĻŦāϰāϪ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāϞ āϕ⧋āύāϟāĻŋ?

⧧⧝⧍⧭

ā§§ā§¯ā§Šā§Ļ

Â ā§§ā§¯ā§Šā§¨

ā§§ā§¯ā§Šā§Ē

  1. āϝ⧋āĻ—āĻ°ā§ā§ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāϟāĻŋ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļ āĻ•āϰ –

āϏāĻ¨ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļ

āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦā§€āĻŖ

āĻ—āĻžā§ŸāĻ•

 āĻĒāĻ™ā§āĻ•āϜ

  1. ‘āĻāϕ⧁āĻļ⧇āϰ āĻ—āĻ˛ā§āĻĒ’ āϛ⧋āϟāĻ—āĻ˛ā§āĻĒ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ ‘skull’ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āϕ⧀?

āĻ…āĻ™ā§āĻ— āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϛ⧇āĻĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āϝāĻž

āĻ•āĻ‚āĻ•āĻžāϞ

 āĻŽāĻžāĻĨāĻžāϰ āϖ⧁āϞāĻŋ

āĻŽāĻ—āϜ

  1. ‘āĻ•āĻžāĻ—āϜ āϤ⧋ āχāρāĻĻ⧁āϰ⧇āĻ“ āφāύāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇’-āĻŦāĻŋāϞāĻžāϏ⧀ āĻ—āĻ˛ā§āĻĒ⧇ āĻ āωāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāϰ ?

āĻŦāĻŋāϞāĻžāϏ⧀āϰ

 āĻŽā§ƒāĻ¤ā§āϝ⧁āĻžā§āĻœā§Ÿā§‡āϰ

āĻ–ā§ā§œāĻžāϰ

āĻŽā§ƒāĻ¤ā§āϝ⧁āĻžā§āĻœā§Ÿā§‡āϰ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧ⧁āϰ

  1. āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻšā§āĻ› āύ⧀āϞāĻžāĻ­ āĻŽāĻŖāĻŋāϰ āĻŽāϤ āĻ•āĻžāϰ āĻšā§‹āĻ–?

āĻ•āĻĒāĻŋāϞāĻžāϰ

āĻŽāĻžāϞāĻžāϰ

āĻŽāĻžāϛ⧇āϰ

 āχāϞāĻŋāĻļ āĻŽāĻžāϛ⧇āϰ

  1. āĻ­āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ•āϰ āϰ⧋āĻĻā§āϝāĻžāρ-āϰ āωāĻ˛ā§āϞ⧇āĻ– āϕ⧋āύ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧ⧇ āφāϛ⧇?

āĻŦāĻ™ā§āĻ—āĻ­āĻžāώāĻž

 āĻœā§€āĻŦāύāĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻĻāύāĻž

āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļ

āϤāĻžāĻšāĻžāϰ⧇āχ āĻĒā§œā§‡ āĻŽāύ⧇

  1. ‘āωāĻ˛ā§āĻ•āĻžāϰ āĻŽāϤ āϘ⧁āϰāĻŋāϛ⧇ āϧāϰāĻŖā§€ āĻļā§‚āĻ¨ā§āϝ⧇ āĻ…āĻŽāĻŋāϤ āĻŦ⧇āϗ⧇’ āĻ āĻĒāĻ™ā§āĻ—āĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ āϕ⧋āύ āĻ•āĻŦāĻŋāϤāĻžāϰ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϤāĻ°ā§āĻ—āϤ?

āĻŦāĻ™ā§āĻ—āĻ­āĻžāώāĻž

 āĻœā§€āĻŦāύāĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻĻāύāĻž

āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļ

āϤāĻžāĻšāĻžāϰ⧇āχ āĻĒā§œā§‡ āĻŽāύ⧇

  1. Amplitude āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžā§Ÿ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻ­āĻžāώāĻž āϕ⧋āύāϟāĻŋ?

āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧃āϤ

 āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻžāϰ

āĻĒā§āϰāϏāĻžāϰāĻŋāϤ

āĻŦāĻ°ā§āϧāĻŋāϤ

  1. ‘āĻŦāĻžāϞāĻŋāϰ āĻŦāĻžāρāϧ’ āĻŦāĻžāĻ—āϧāĻžāϰāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•ā§ƒāϤ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āϕ⧋āύāϟāĻŋ?

āĻŦāĻžāϞāĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻŋāϤ āĻŦāĻžāρāϧ

 āĻ•ā§āώāĻŖāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžā§Ÿā§€ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁

āϖ⧇āϞāύāĻž

āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧāĻ•

  1. ‘āĻĒ⧁āĻˇā§āĻĒāĻžāĻžā§āϜāϞāĻŋ’ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāϟāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻ—āĻ āĻŋāϤ?

āĻĒā§āϰāĻ¤ā§āϝ⧟ āϝ⧋āϗ⧇

āϏāĻ¨ā§āϧāĻŋ āϝ⧋āϗ⧇

āωāĻĒāϏāĻ°ā§āĻ— āϝ⧋āϗ⧇

 āϏāĻŽāĻžāϏ āϝ⧋āϗ⧇

  1. ‘āϤ⧁āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āύāĻž āĻŦāϞ āύāĻž’ āĨ¤ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇ ‘āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁’-āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ

āύāĻŋāĻļā§āϚ⧟āϤāĻž āϏ⧂āϚāĻ•

āϏāĻ‚āĻļ⧟ āϏ⧂āϚāĻ•

 āĻ…āϞāĻ‚āĻ•āĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ•

āĻĒāĻĻāĻĒā§‚āϰāĻŖ āĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ•

  1. ‘āĻŦāĻŋāϞāĻžāϏ⧀’ āĻ—āĻ˛ā§āĻĒ⧇ āϏāĻžāĻĒ āϧāϰāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻžā§ŸāύāĻž āĻāϞ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāϞāĻžāϏ⧀ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇āύ ?

āϖ⧁āĻļāĻŋ āĻšāϤ⧇āύ

āĻ‰ā§ŽāϏāĻžāĻšāĻŋāϤ āĻšāϤ⧇āύ

 āĻŦāĻžāϧāĻž āĻĻāĻŋāϤ⧇āύ

āĻĒāĻŋāϤāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻĄā§‡āϕ⧇ āφāύāϤ⧇āύ

  1. 2 ‘āĻ āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻž’ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāϟāĻŋ āϕ⧋āύ āĻ­āĻžāώāĻž āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻž āĻ­āĻžāώāĻžā§Ÿ āĻāϏ⧇āϛ⧇?

 āĻšāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻĻāĻŋ

āωāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧁

āĻĢāĻžāϰāϏāĻŋ

āϏāĻ‚āĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§ƒāϤ

  1. āϕ⧋āύ āϰāϚāύāĻžāϟāĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāĻœā§€ āύāϜāϰ⧁āϞ āχāϏāϞāĻžāĻŽā§‡āϰ āύ⧟?

āϝ⧌āĻŦāύ⧇āϰ āĻ—āĻžāύ

āĻœā§€āĻŦāύ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻĻāύāĻž

 āĻĒ⧁āρāĻĨāĻŋāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻžāĻĒ

āĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāϏāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϝ

  1. āϕ⧋āύ āĻ…āĻĒāĻ­ā§āϰāĻ‚āĻļ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻž āĻ­āĻžāώāĻžāϰ āωāĻĻā§āĻ­āĻŦ āĻšā§Ÿā§‡āϛ⧇ āĻŦāϞ⧇ āĻĄ. āĻŽā§āĻšāĻŽā§āĻŽāĻĻ āĻļāĻšā§€āĻĻ⧁āĻ˛ā§āϞāĻžāĻš āĻŽāύ⧇ āĻ•āϰ⧇āύ?

 āĻ—ā§Œā§œ āĻ…āĻĒāĻ­ā§āϰāĻ‚āĻļ

āĻļ⧌āϰāĻļ⧇āύ⧀ āĻ…āĻĒāĻ­ā§āϰāĻ‚āĻļ

āĻŽāĻžāĻ—āϧ⧀ āĻ…āĻĒāĻ­ā§āϰāĻ‚āĻļ

āĻŽāĻšāĻžāϰāĻžāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āϰ⧀ āĻ…āĻĒāĻ­ā§āϰāĻ‚āĻļ

  1. “āϐāĻšāĻŋāĻ•’ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāϰ⧀āϤāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻ• āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāϟāĻŋ āϚāĻŋāĻšā§āύāĻŋāϤ āĻ•āϰ –

āϞ⧌āĻ•āĻŋāĻ•

āχāĻšāϞ⧌āĻ•āĻŋāĻ•

 āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻ¤ā§āϰāĻŋāĻ•

āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ•

  1. āϕ⧋āύ āĻŦāĻžāύāĻžāύāϟāĻŋ āĻļ⧁āĻĻā§āϧ?

āĻ—āĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§āϏ

 āĻ—āĻŖā§āĻĄā§āώ

āĻ—āĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§āώ

āĻ—āĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§āĻļ

  1. ‘āϏāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϝ āϛ⧇āϞ⧇āϰ āĻšāĻžāϤ⧇āϰ āϖ⧇āϞāύāĻžāĻ“ āύ⧟ āϗ⧁āϰ⧁āϰ āĻšāĻžāϤ⧇āϰ āĻŦ⧇āϤāĻ“ āύ⧟’āĨ¤ āĻ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļāϟāĻŋ āϕ⧋āύ āϰāϚāύāĻžāϰ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϤāĻ°ā§āĻ—āϤ ?

āĻ…āĻ°ā§āϧāĻžāĻ™ā§āĻ—ā§€

āϝ⧌āĻŦāύ⧇āϰ āĻ—āĻžāύ

āĻ­āĻžāώāĻžāϰ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž

 āϏāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϝ⧇ āϖ⧇āϞāĻž

  1. ‘āĻšā§ˆāĻŽāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧀’ āĻ—āĻ˛ā§āĻĒ⧇ āωāĻ˛ā§āϞāĻŋāĻ–āĻŋāϤ āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āϟāĻŋāύ⧋ āϕ⧇?

āĻāĻ•āϜāύ āĻĢāϰāĻžāϏāĻŋ āĻĻāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻļāύāĻŋāĻ•

āϜāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻžāύ āϰāĻžāϜāύ⧀āϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻŋāĻĻ

āχāĻ‚āϰ⧇āϜ āĻ•āĻŦāĻŋ

 āχāĻ‚āϰ⧇āϜ āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻ•

  1. ‘āĻšā§ˆāĻŽāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧀’ āĻ—āĻ˛ā§āĻĒ⧇āϰ āĻŽā§‚āϞ āϏ⧂āϰ āϕ⧀?

āĻŦāĻžāĻ˛ā§āϝ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻšā§‡āϰ āϕ⧁āĻĢāϞ

 āϝ⧌āϤ⧁āĻ• āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻžāϰ āϕ⧁āĻĢāϞ

āϝ⧌āĻĨ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϰ⧇āϰāϏāĻ‚āĻ•āϟ

āύāĻ—āϰ āĻœā§€āĻŦāύ⧇āϰ āϏāĻ‚āĻ•āϟ

  1. ‘āϝāĻž āĻ—āϰāĻŽ āϏāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻ—āĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻŋ āĻšā§Ÿā§‡ āĻŽāϰāĻŦā§‹, āϚāϞ⧋ āĻŦāĻžā§œāĻŋ āϝāĻžāχāĨ¤’ āĻ āωāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋāϟāĻŋ āϕ⧇ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ?

 āύāĻžāϏāĻŋāϰ

āϜāĻ—āĻĻā§€āĻļ

āϏ⧌āĻĻāĻžāĻŽāĻŋāύ⧀

āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻĻāĻžāϰ āϜāύ

  1. ‘āϤ⧋āĻŽāĻžāϰ āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āϘāϰ āύāĻžāχ , āϤāĻžāϰ āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āώāĨ¤’ āϤāĻŋāϤāĻžāϏ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āύāĻĻā§€āϰ āύāĻžāĻŽ ‘ āωāĻĒāĻ¨ā§āϝāĻžāϏ⧇ āωāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋāϟāĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāϰ ?

āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻĻ⧇ āφāϞ⧀

 āĻ•āϰāĻŽāĻžāϞ⧀

āĻ•āĻŋāĻļā§‹āϰ

āϤāĻŋāϞāĻ•

 

  1. Have you taken leave of your senses ?

Have you decide to act sensibly?

Have you decide to be sensitive?

 Have you become mad?

Have you become carefree?

  1. I do not believe in an eye for an eye.

I do not believe in exchanging glances

I do not believe what see

I do not believe in equal exchange

 I do not believe in punishment equal

  1. Working long hours is part and parcel of being a journalist.

 Journalists regularly work long hours

Journalists regularly keep an eye on the clock

Journalists divide their work carefully.

Journalists work diligently forever.

  1. Bangladesh is “overpopulated.” Here the underlined word means-

 too many people

people wider trees and on the train roofs

more people in cities

overcrowded trains and buses

  1. In 2020, the population of Bangladesh “projected ” to be 210 million.

undated

 estimated

devoted

crowded

  1. Monir _____ Yashmin because she is kind to him .

has liked

 likes

liking

had liked

  1. The rain paused and the birds _____ to sing.

begin

are beginning

have begun

 began

  1. They arrange to meet ______ seven.

in

on

out

 at

  1. We walked ______ the end of the road .

to

in

on

 at

  1. He was always pulling my legs.

He was always physically aggressive

He was always trying to stretch me

 He was always trying to make fun to me

He was trying to make me stand up.

  1. Layla _____ to school everyday.

 is not going

is not go

not going

not to go

  1. which word has been spelled correctly?

 niece

neece

neice

nece

  1. which sentence is correct?

 We’ll never see them again

Never we’ll see them again

We’ll see them again never

We’ll see never them again

  1. The correct plural of ‘advice ‘ is ___

advice

many advices

 no plural

much

  1. Complete the sentence with the most appropriate word/phrase : I ___ at six o’clock.

get

 get up

getting

to get up

  1. I _______ a crime -thriller now.

read

was reading

had read

 a reading

  1. Many people were returning home with their “shopping” in bags and baskets. Here the underlined word refers to —-

going shopping

buying things

 things bought

shopping centers

  1. The population density of Bangladesh refers to ___ .

The number of people living in the country

many people living with little space between them

 how thickly or thinly the country is populated

the birth rate of Bangladesh is projected

Question 19, 20, 21, 22 and 23 are based on the following reading.

Learning a second language extends one’s vision and expands the mind. Looking at he would oneself through of one’s perception and adds new dimensions to familiar objects or events. A second language teaches us different ways of labeling and organizing our experiences. The history and literature of a second language record the real and fictional lives of a people and their culture; knowledge of them adds to our ability to understand and feel as they feel.

  1. An antonym for ‘familiar ‘ is ____ .

unfriendly

formal

 strange

similar

  1. The word ‘fictional’ is ________.

noun

verb

adverb

 adjective

  1. A synonym for ‘expands’ is _____.

 broadens

uses

relaxes

reveals

  1. Complete the following sentence : The writer suggests that –

a second language can help us to lael products for other people

a second language can help us to read the literature of other people

a second language can help us to read the literature of other people

 a second language can help us to learn about other people

  1. which sentence is true?

 The writer recommends learning a second language

The writer recommends learning a second language

The writer thinks a second language helps us organize fictional lives o a people

The writer thinks learning a second language is superior to learning one’s first language

  1. This book ______ to my uncle .

belonging

 belongs

was belonging

is belonging

  1. I _____ television everyday.

watches

am watchin

 watch

am watch

  1. Choose the pair that is out of place

assist /abate

s hate /abhor

 native /immigrant

sharp/acute

  1. Choose the pair that is out of place

relinquish /abandon

humiliate /disgrace

 degrade/disturb

reject / cancel

  1. Choose the pair that is out of place

consent /agree

 retard / hasten

unclear /obscure

remote /distant

  1. Don’t ___ mountains of mole hills.

made

 make

having make

making

  1. Do you____ the bell ringing ?

 hear

can hear

hearing

heard

 

  1. (4,-2) āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻĻ⧁ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ 5x + 12y =3 āϰ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āĻ…āĻ™ā§āĻ•āĻŋāϤ āϞāĻŽā§āĻŦ⧇āϰ āĻĻ⧈āĻ°ā§āĻ˜ā§āϝ –

8

89   89

37  37

   713  713

  1. âˆĢx20(1 +cos x)2sin xdx    âˆĢ0x2(1 +cos x)2 sin xdx     āĻāϰ āĻŽāĻžāύ –

87   87

5858

2727

    73   73

  1. 3,5,7,8,9 āĻ…āĻ™ā§āĻ•āϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āĻāĻ• āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻ•āĻžāϧāĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇ 7000 āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻŦ⧜ āϚāĻžāϰ āĻ…āĻ™ā§āĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ āĻ•āϤāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻž āĻ—āĻ āύ āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝāĻžā§Ÿ –

27

81

 72

56

  1. āϕ⧋āύ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻĻ⧁āϤ⧇ āĻĻ⧁āχāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāϞ120°    120° āϕ⧋āϪ⧇ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋ⧟āĻžāĻļā§€āϞ āĨ¤ āĻŦ⧃āĻšāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ āĻŦāϞāϟāĻŋāϰ āĻŽāĻžāύ 10 N āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āϞāĻŦā§āϧāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āώ⧁āĻĻā§āϰāϤāϰ āĻŦāϞ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āϏāĻŽāϕ⧋āĻŖ āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒāĻ¨ā§āύ āĻ•āϰāϞ⧇ āĻ•ā§āώ⧁āĻĻā§āϰāϤāϰ āĻŦāϞ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻžāύ –

4 N

 5 N

6 N

8 N

  1. āϏāϰāϞāϰ⧇āĻ–āĻž 3x+ 4y -12 =0 āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āĻ…āĻ•ā§āώāĻĻā§āĻŦā§Ÿā§‡āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧀ āĻ–āĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻŋāϤ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļ⧇āϰ āĻĻ⧈āĻ°ā§āĻ˜ā§āϝ-

7

 5

9

8

  1. āϝāĻĻāĻŋ⎛⎜⎝111xabx2a2b2⎞⎟⎠=0   111xabx2a2b2=0 āĻšāϞ⧇, x =?

-a āĻŦāĻž (or) b

a āĻŦāĻž (or) -b

-a āĻŦāĻž (or) -b

 a āĻŦāĻž (or) b

  1. x2−3x+5×2-3x +5 āĻāϰ āĻ¨ā§āϝ⧂āύāϤāĻŽ āĻŽāĻžāύ –

3

5

154    154

 114114

  1. (x2+2x)6        (x2+2x)6     āĻāϰ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒā§āϰāϏāĻžāϰāϪ⧇ x āĻŽā§āĻ•ā§āϤ āĻĒāĻĻāϟāĻŋ-

448

120

 240

3000

  1. āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϗ⧁āĻŖā§‹āĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ—āĻŽāύ⧇āϰ āϚāϤ⧁āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻĒāĻĻ 9 āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āύāĻŦāĻŽ āĻĒāĻĻ 2187 āĻšāϞ⧇, āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻĒāĻžāϤ āĻ•āϤ?

7

9

 3

27

  1. āϝāĻĻāĻŋA=(1005) A=(10 05) āĻāĻŦāĻ‚Â Â B=(52 01)  B=(52 01)  āĻšā§Ÿ, āϤāĻ–āύ AB āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤

(52 05)    (52 05)

      (6206)     (6206)

(62 06)  (62 06)

(812 15)(812 15)

  1. āϕ⧋āύ āĻ¤ā§āϰāĻŋāϭ⧁āĻœā§‡āϰ āĻļā§€āĻ°ā§āώāĻŦāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻĻ⧁āϏāĻŽā§‚āĻš (-1,-2), (2,5) āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ (3, 10) āĻšāϞ⧇, āϤāĻžāϰ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰāĻĢāϞ –

10 sq. units

15 sq. units

 4 sq. units

18 sq. units

  1. āϝāĻĻāĻŋ y =√cos2x     cos2x   āĻšā§Ÿ āϤāĻŦ⧇,  dydx dydx =āĻ•āϤ?

      −sin 2x√cos2x     -sin 2xcos2x

cos 2x√sin2x  cos 2xsin2x

2sinx√tanx 2sinxtanx

tan2x√sin2xtan2xsin2x

  1. 5x -2y + 7 =0 āϏāϰāϞāϰ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āϞāĻŽā§āĻŦ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ (-3,1) āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻĻ⧁ āĻĻāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āĻ…āϤāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŽ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻāĻŽāύ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϏāϰāϞāϰ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽā§€āĻ•āϰāĻŖ –

 5x -2y +7 =0

2x -5y +1 =0

2x + 5y -1=0

2x -5y -1=0

  1. 5 āϜāύ āĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāύ āĻ“ 3 āϜāύ āĻ•āϞāĻž āĻ…āύ⧁āώāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ 4 āϜāύ⧇āϰ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŽāĻŋāϟāĻŋ āĻ—āĻ āύ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇ āϝāĻžāϤ⧇ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϤāϤ āĻāĻ•āϜāύ āĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāύ āĻ“ āĻāĻ•āϜāύ āĻ•āϞāĻž āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇āĨ¤ āĻ•āϤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āύ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧇ āĻāχ āĻ•āĻŽāĻŋāϟāĻŋ āĻ—āĻ āύ āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝ⧇āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇?

60

 65

70

75

  1. cos75° + sin (−11385°)cos75° + sin (-11385°)āϏāĻŽāĻžāύ –

12 12

1√212

−√2     -2

 √22

  1. āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻŦ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻžā§Ÿ|5−2x|â‰Ĩ4|5-2x|â‰Ĩ4āĻ…āϏāĻŽāϤāĻžāϟāĻŋāϰ āϏāĻŽāĻžāϧāĻžāύ –

12≤x≤9212≤x≤92

    x≤12 or, xâ‰Ĩ92   x≤12 or, xâ‰Ĩ92

x≤12    x≤12

12≤x≤9 or x≤292       12≤x≤9 or x≤292

  1. (x +y, x2+y2)x2+y2) = (2,4) āĻšāϞ⧇,  x2−y2 x2-y2 āĻāϰ āĻŽāĻžāύ –

¹2    ¹2

 ¹4  ¹4

¹6    ¹6

¹8   ¹8

  1. tan 75°−tan30°  −tan75°×tan30°     tan 75°-tan30°  -tan75°×tan30°    āĻāϰ āĻŽāĻžāύ –

 1

1√2  12

1√3   13

  1. 4(sin2θ+ cosθ)=54(sin2θ + cosθ)=5 āϏāĻŽā§€āĻ•āϰāϪ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āϏāĻŽāĻžāϧāĻžāύ –

θ=2nĪ€Â ÂąĪ€/2      θ=2nĪ€Â ÂąĪ€/2

    θ=2nĪ€Â ÂąĪ€/3    θ=2nĪ€Â ÂąĪ€/3

θ=2nĪ€Â ÂąĪ€/4   θ=2nĪ€Â ÂąĪ€/4

θ=2nĪ€ÂąĪ€/5  θ=2nĪ€ÂąĪ€/5

  1. tan54° − tan36°     tan54° – tan36°     āĻāϰ āĻŽāĻžāύ –

 2 tan 18°2 tan 18°

2 cot 27°    2 cot 27°

−2tan 81° -2tan 81°

−2 tan 72°   -2 tan 72°

  1. x2+y2−24x+10y=0 x2+y2-24x+10y=0 āĻŦ⧃āĻ¤ā§āϤ⧇āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāϏāĻžāĻ°ā§āϧ –

7

5

 13

12

  1. tan−11+ tan−2 2 + tan−1 3 tan-1 1+ tan-2 2 + tan-1 3  āĻāϰ āĻŽāĻžāύ –

Ī€4Â Â Ī€4

Ī€2Â Â Â Ī€2

Â Â Â Â Ī€Â Â Â Â Ī€

2Ī€Â Â 2Ī€

  1. (4,5) āϕ⧇āĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āϰāĻŦāĻŋāĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ āĻŦ⧃āĻ¤ā§āϤ, āϝāĻžx2+y2 −8x + 10 y+ 59 =0   x2+y2 -8x + 10 y+ 59 =0  āĻŦ⧃āĻ¤ā§āϤ⧇āϰ āϕ⧇āĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻĻāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āĻ—āĻŽāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇, āϤāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽā§€āĻ•āϰāĻŖ –

x2+y2+4x+6y−12=0     x2+y2+4x+6y-12=0

x2+y2−8x−10y+59 =0 x2+y2-8x-10y+59 =0

x2 + y2 + 8x +10 y −59 =0x2 + y2 + 8x +10 y -59 =0

 x2+y2 −8x−10y−59=0x2+y2 -8x-10y-59=0

  1. limx→0x(cosx+cox2x)sinxlimx→0x(cosx+cox2x)sinx

0

 2

Ī€Â Â Â Ī€

Ī€2Â Â Â Ī€2

  1. âˆĢĪ€20√1+sinθdθâˆĢ0Ī€21+sinθdθāĻāϰ āĻŽāĻžāύ –

√2 2

 2

1

1212

  1. āĻĻāĻļāĻŽāĻŋāĻ• āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻž 115 āϕ⧇ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻŽāĻŋāĻ• āĻĒāĻĻā§āϧāϤāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰāϞ⧇ āĻšā§Ÿ –

 1110011

1110111

1111011

1101111

  1. 1+31!+52! +73! + −−−−−      31! +52! +73! + —–  āϧāĻžāϰāĻžāϟāĻŋāϰ āϝ⧋āĻ—āĻĢāϞ –

e

2e

 3e

4e

 

  1. āύāĻŋāĻšā§‡āϰ āϕ⧋āύ āϰāĻžāĻļāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāϞāĻžāϟāĻŋ sin 3A āĻŦāĻž cosA āĻāϰ āĻŦāĻšā§āĻĒāĻĻā§€āϰ⧁āĻĒ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰ⧇ ?

3 cosA − 4cos3A     3 cosA – 4cos3A

3sinA − 4sin3A3sinA – 4sin3A

4 cosA − 3 cos3A  4 cosA – 3 cos3A

4sin3A − 3sinA     4sin3A – 3sinA

  1. 40 āĻšāϤ⧇ 50 āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻžāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻĻ⧈āĻŦāϚ⧟āύ āĻĒāĻĻā§āϧāϤāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻž āύ⧇āĻ“ā§ŸāĻž āĻšāϞāĨ¤ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻžāϟāĻŋ āĻŽā§ŒāϞāĻŋāĻ• āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻž āĻšāĻ“ā§ŸāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽā§āĻ­āĻŦāύāĻž āĻ•āϤ?

211211

   311  311

15    15

310310

  1. tan−1×1+x2tan-1×1+x2āĻāϰ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ…āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ āϝ⧋āĻ—āϜ –

(tan−1x)1n(1+x2)   (tan-1x)1n(1+x2)

    12(tan−1 x)2     12(tan-1 x)2

(12tan−1x)2   (12tan-1x)2

12 tan−1x 12 tan-1x

 

  1. āϝ⧇ āϝāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰāĻžāĻ‚āĻļ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ• -āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧀ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯ā§ā§Ž āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦāĻžāĻšāϕ⧇ āĻāĻ• – āĻĻāĻŋāĻ•āĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧀ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āϤāĻžāϰ āύāĻžāĻŽ –

āϰ⧋āϧ

āĻĨāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āϟāϰ

āĻŸā§āϰāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϏāĻĢāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻžāϰ

 āϰ⧇āĻ•āϟāĻŋāĻĢāĻžā§ŸāĻžāϰ

  1. 1000 kg āĻ­āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ—āĻžā§œāĻŋ āϏāĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤāϰāĻžāϞ10ms−1   10ms-1   āϏāĻŽāĻ—āϤāĻŋāϤ⧇ āϚāϞāĻž āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžā§Ÿ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāϰ⧀āϤ⧇ āĻĻāĻŋāϕ⧇ 400 N āĻ…āύ⧁āĻ­āĻŦ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĨ¤ āĻ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžā§Ÿ āĻ—āĻžā§œāĻŋāϟāĻŋāϰ āχāĻžā§āϜāĻŋāύ⧇āϰ āĻ•ā§āώāĻŽāϤāĻž āĻšāϞ-

 4 kW

4200 W

4500 W

400 W

  1. āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŸā§āϰāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϏāĻĢāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāχāĻŽāĻžāϰ⧀ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϏ⧇āϕ⧇āĻ¨ā§āĻĄāϰ⧀ āϤāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻĒāĻžāϤ 20 : 1 āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϏ⧇āϕ⧇āĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻžāϰ⧀āϤ⧇ 20 āĻ“āĻšāĻŽ-āĻāϰ āϰ⧋āϧ āϞāĻžāĻ—āĻžāύ⧋ āφāϛ⧇āĨ¤ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāχāĻŽāĻžāϰ⧀āϤ⧇ 220 āĻ­ā§‹āĻ˛ā§āϟ āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§Ÿā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšā§Ÿ āϤāĻžāĻšāϞ⧇ āĻāϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯ā§ā§Ž āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦāĻžāĻš āĻšā§Ÿ-

0.55 A

  1. 5 mA
  2. 5 A

5.5 mA

  1. āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϛ⧇āĻ˛ā§‡ā§ƒ āĻ•ā§āϰāϟāĻŋāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻšā§‹āϖ⧇ 60 cm āĻāϰ āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ• āĻĻā§‚āϰ⧇ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžā§Ÿ āύāĻž āĨ¤ āϏāĻ‚āĻļā§‹āϧāĻŋāϤ āϞ⧇āĻ¨ā§āϏ⧇āϰ āĻ•ā§āώāĻŽāϤāĻž āĻ•āϤ āĻšāϞ⧇ āϏ⧇ āϏāĻšāĻœā§‡ āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻˇā§āϟāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻĻā§‚āϰ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁āϕ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŦ⧇-

– 2.5 D

 -1.67 D

+ 2.5 D

+ 1.6 D

  1. āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāϟāĻŋ 60 W -āĻāϰ 5 āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāϤāĻŋ āĻ•ā§Ÿā§‡āĻ• āϘāĻ¨ā§āϟāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻœā§āĻŦāĻžāϞāĻžāύ⧋ āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋ āχāωāύāĻŋāϟ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯ā§ā§Ž āĻŽā§‚āĻ˛ā§āϝ 3.00 āϟāĻžāĻ•āĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŽāĻžāϏ⧇ ( 30 āĻĻāĻŋāύ) āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯ā§ā§Ž āĻŦāĻŋāϞ 162.00 āϟāĻžāĻ•āĻž āĻšāϞ⧇ āĻĻ⧈āύāĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯ā§ā§Ž āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āϏāĻŽā§ŸāĻ•āĻžāϞ –

10 h

 6 h

8 h

4 h

  1. āĻŽāĻ™ā§āĻ—āϞ āĻ—ā§āϰāĻšā§‡āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāϏāĻžāĻ°ā§āϧ āĻ“ āĻ­āϰ āϝāĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŽā§‡ āĻĒ⧃āĻĨāĻŋāĻŦā§€āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāϏāĻžāĻ°ā§āϧ āĻ“ āĻ­āϰ⧇āϰ 0.532 āϗ⧁āĻŖ āĻ“ 0.11 āϗ⧁āĻŖāĨ¤ āĻŽāĻ™ā§āĻ—āϞ āĻ—ā§āϰāĻšā§‡ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϏ⧇āϕ⧇āĻ¨ā§āĻĄ āĻĻā§‹āϞāϕ⧇āϰ āĻĻā§‹āϞāύāĻ•āĻžāϞ āĻ•āϤ?

4s

 3.2 s

1.25 s

  1. 75 s
  2. āĻĒāĻžāύāĻŋ , āĻŦāϰāĻĢ āĻ“ āϜāĻ˛ā§€ā§Ÿ āĻŦāĻžāĻˇā§āĻĒ āϝ⧇ āϤāĻžāĻĒāĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰāĻžā§Ÿ āĻāĻ•āϏāĻ™ā§āϗ⧇ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇ āϤāĻžāĻšāϞ⧋ –

0°C 0°C

  273.16°K    273.16°K

100°C    100°C

4°C 4°C

  1. āφāϞ⧋āĻ• āϤāϰāĻ™ā§āϗ⧇āϰ āύāĻŋāĻŽā§āύ⧋āĻ•ā§āϤ āωāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻžāύ āφāϛ⧇-

āĻļ⧁āϧ⧁ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯ā§ā§Ž āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ

āĻļ⧁āϧ⧁ āϚ⧁āĻŽā§āĻŦāĻ• āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ

āϏāĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤāϰāĻžāϞ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯ā§ā§Ž āĻ“ āϚ⧁āĻŽā§āĻŦāĻ• āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ

 āĻĒāϰāĻ¸ā§āĻĒāϰ āϞāĻŽā§āĻŦ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯ā§ā§Ž āĻ“ āϚ⧁āĻŽā§āĻŦāĻ• āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ

  1. āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āϝāĻžāĻŽā§‡āϰāĻž āĻ…āϏ⧀āĻŽ āĻĻā§‚āϰāĻ¤ā§āĻŦ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁āϤ⧇ āĻĢā§‹āĻ•āϏ āĻ•āϰāϞ⧇ āϞ⧇āĻ¨ā§āϏ āĻ“ āĻĢāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻŽā§‡āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āĻĻā§‚āϰāĻ¤ā§āĻŦ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇ 2 cm āĨ¤ āĻāĻ–āύ 2m āĻĻā§‚āϰāĻ¤ā§āĻŦ⧇ āĻĢā§‹āĻ•āĻžāϏ āĻ•āϰāϞ⧇ āϞ⧇āĻ¨ā§āϏāϟāĻŋ āĻ•āϤāĻ–āĻžāύāĻŋ āϏāϰāĻžāϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇ –

0.01 cm

 0.02 cm

0.03 cm

0.1 cm

  1. āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϏāĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤāϰāĻžāϞ āĻĒāĻžāϤ āϧāĻžāϰāϕ⧇āϰ āĻĒāĻžāϤāĻĻā§āĻŦā§Ÿā§‡āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧀ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύ āĻŦāĻžā§Ÿā§āϰ (K=1) āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧇ āĻāĻ• ( K =20) āĻĄāĻžāχ -āχāϞ⧇āĻ•āĻŸā§āϰāĻŋāĻ• āĻ§ā§āϰ⧁āĻŦāϕ⧇āϰ āĻĒāĻĻāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āĻĒā§‚āϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϞāĻžā§‡, āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āĻĻ⧁āχ āĻĒāĻžāϤ⧇ āĻāĻ•āχ āφāϧāĻžāύ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻž āĻšāϞ⧇ –

āĻļ⧁āϧ⧁ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻŦ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻ•ā§āϝ (āĻĒāĻžāϤāĻĻā§āĻŦā§Ÿā§‡āϰ) āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāĻŋāϤ āĻšāĻŦ⧇

āĻļ⧁āϧ⧁ āϧāĻžāϰāĻ•āĻ¤ā§āĻŦ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāĻŋāϤ āĻšāĻŦ⧇

āϧāĻžāϰāĻ•āĻ¤ā§āĻŦ āĻ“ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻŦ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻ•ā§āϝ āĻāĻ•āχ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻŦ⧇

 āωāϭ⧟āχ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāĻŋāϤ āĻšāĻŦ⧇

  1. 6.65 m āĻ—āĻ­ā§€āϰ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻĒ⧁āϕ⧁āϰ āĻĒāĻžāύāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻ­āĻ°ā§āϤāĻŋ āĨ¤ āĻĒāĻžāύāĻŋāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāϏāϰāĻžāĻ‚āĻ• 1.33 āĻšāϞ⧇, āĻĒ⧁āϕ⧁āϰ⧇āϰ āϤāϞāĻĻ⧇āĻļ āĻ•āϤ āωāĻĒāϰ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻž āϝāĻžāĻŦ⧇-

6m

20 m

 5 m

10 m

  1. āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϘāϰ⧇āϰ āϕ⧋āύ āĻĻā§‡ā§ŸāĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰāĻĢāϞ30 m230 m2āĨ¤ āĻĻā§‡ā§ŸāĻžāϞāϟāĻŋ āχāĻŸā§‡āϰ āϤ⧈āϰāĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāϰ āĻĒ⧁āϰ⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦ 25 cm āϘāϰ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻžāχāϰ⧇āϰ āϤāĻžāĻĒāĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰāĻžÂ Â Â Â Â Â Â 30°C      30°C āĻšāϞ⧇ āĻĻā§‡ā§ŸāĻžāϞ āϕ⧀ āĻšāĻžāϰ⧇ āϤāĻžāĻĒ āϘāϰ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦ⧇āĻļ āĻ•āϰāϛ⧇ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āϪ⧟ āĻ•āϰāĨ¤ āχāĻŸā§‡āϰ āϤāĻžāĻĒ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻ•āĻ¤ā§āĻŦ 0.6Wm−1K−10.6Wm-1K-1

280 W

 284 W

288 W

292 W

  1. āϝāĻĻāĻŋ→A=i∧+j∧+K∧,  →A=i∧+j∧+K∧,→B=2i∧+2j∧+2k∧→B=2i∧+2j∧+2k∧ then →A×→B=   →A×→B=

3i∧ + 3j∧+3k∧    3i∧ + 3j∧+3k∧

2i∧ + 2j∧+2k∧  2i∧ + 2j∧+2k∧

√12(i∧+j∧+K∧)12(i∧+j∧+K∧)

  1. āϏāĻŦāĻšā§‡ā§Ÿā§‡ āĻ•āĻŽ āĻ­āϰ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻŖāĻŋāĻ•āĻž āϕ⧋āύāϟāĻŋ?

 āχāϞ⧇āĻ•ā§āĻŸā§āϰāύ

āĻĒā§āϰ⧋āϟāύ

āφāϞāĻĢāĻž

āύāĻŋāωāĻŸā§āϰāύ

  1. āĻ­ā§‚āĻŽāĻŋāϰ āϏāĻ™ā§āϗ⧇ āϏāĻ°ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋāĻŽā§āύ30°  30° āϕ⧋āϪ⧇ āϤāϞ⧇ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāĻŋāϤ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁ āĻĒāĻŋāĻ›āϞ⧇ āύ⧇āĻŽā§‡ āϝāĻžā§ŸāĨ¤ āϘāĻ°ā§āώāĻŖāĻžāĻ™ā§āĻ• āĻ•āϤ?

sin30°        sin30°

    tan30°     tan30°

cos30°      cos30°

1

  1. āĻŦāĻžā§Ÿā§āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĒ⧇āĻ•ā§āώ⧇ āĻ•āĻžāρāĻšā§‡āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāϏāϰāĻžāĻ‚āĻ• 1.06 āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦāĻžā§Ÿā§ āϏāĻžāĻĒ⧇āĻ•ā§āώ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāύāĻŋāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāϏāϰāĻžāĻ‚āĻ• 1.3 āĻšāϞ⧇ , āĻĒāĻžāύāĻŋāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĒ⧇āĻ•ā§āώ⧇ āĻ•āĻžāρāĻšā§‡āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāϏāϰāĻžāĻ‚āĻ• āĻšāϞāĻžā§‡-

 0.83

1.05

1.20

0.63

  1. āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāϟāĻžāϰ⧀āϰ āϧāύāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻ• āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ āϝāĻ–āύ p-n āĻĄāĻžā§ŸāĻĄā§‡āϰ p āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧇ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ‹āĻŖāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻ• āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ āϝāĻ–āύ p-n āĻĄāĻžā§ŸāĻĄā§‡āϰ n āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧇ āϏāĻ‚āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšā§Ÿ āϤāĻ–āύ p-n āĻĄāĻžā§ŸāĻĄ –

āĻļā§‚āĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻŦāĻžā§ŸāĻžāϏ

āĻĒāĻļā§āϚāĻžā§ŽāĻŽā§āĻ–ā§€ āĻŦāĻžā§ŸāĻžāϏ

āύāĻŋāϰāĻĒ⧇āĻ•ā§āώ āĻŦāĻžā§ŸāĻžāϏ

 āϏāĻŽā§āĻŽā§āĻ– āĻŦāĻžā§ŸāĻžāϏ

  1. āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāϞ 4 kg āĻ­āϰāĻŦāĻŋāĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāϰ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁āϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋ⧟āĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤ āĻāϰ āĻĢāϞ⧇ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁āϟāĻŋ 6 āϏ⧇āϕ⧇āĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§‡ 30 m/s āĻŦ⧇āĻ— āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻĒā§āϤ āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤ āĻŦāϞ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻžāύ āĻ•āϤ-

30N

 20 N

18 N

None

  1. āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŸā§āϰāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϏāĻĢāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāχāĻŽāĻžāϰ⧀ āĻ“ āϏ⧇āϕ⧇āĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻžāϰ⧀ āϤāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āϕ⧁āĻ¨ā§āĻĄāϞ⧀āϰ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻĒāĻžāϤ 10 : 1 āĨ¤ āĻāϰ āϏ⧇āϕ⧇āĻ¨ā§āĻĄāϰ⧀āϤ⧇ 10 āϰ⧋āϧ āϞāĻžāĻ—āĻžāύ⧋ āφāϛ⧇āĨ¤ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāχāĻŽāĻžāϰ⧀āϤ⧇ 200 V āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§Ÿā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšā§Ÿ, āϤāĻžāĻšāϞ⧇ āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯ā§ā§Ž āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦāĻžāĻš āĻ•āϤ-

0.05 A

0.8 A

1.2 A

 0.2 A

  1. āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ āϚāĻžāĻ°ā§āϜ āϝāĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŽā§‡ -60 C āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ + 60C āĻĒāϰāĻ¸ā§āĻĒāϰ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ 0.12 m āĻĻā§‚āϰāĻ¤ā§āĻŦ⧇ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāϤāĨ¤ āϚāĻžāĻ°ā§āϜ āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋāϰ āϏāĻ‚āϝ⧋āϜāύ āϰ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϰ āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāϞ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻŦāĻ˛ā§āϝ āĻšāĻŦ⧇-

 3 ×1014NC−1   3 ×1014NC-1

3.5 ×1015 N  3.5 ×1015 N

2.5 ×1016N  2.5 ×1016N

4 ×1015N      4 ×1015N

  1. āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ āĻ—ā§āϰāĻšā§‡āϰ āϘāύāĻ¤ā§āĻŦ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϏāĻŽāĻžāύ, āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽāϟāĻŋāϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāϏāĻžāĻ°ā§āϧ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¤ā§€ā§ŸāϟāĻŋāϰ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϗ⧁āĻŖ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻ—ā§āϰāĻšā§‡āϰ āωāĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻ­āĻžāϗ⧇āϰ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¤ā§€ā§Ÿ āĻ—ā§āϰāĻšā§‡āϰ āωāĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻ­āĻžāϗ⧇āϰ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻĒāĻžāϤ āĻšāϞ⧋ –

2 : 1

1 : 2

 4 : 1

8 : 1

  1. āĻŦāĻžā§Ÿā§āϤ⧇ āĻāĻ• āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϏ āϤ⧁āϞāĻžāϰ āĻ“āϜāύ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 4 āϟāĻŋ āϞ⧋āĻšāĻžāϰ āĻŦāϞ⧇āϰ āĻ“āϜāύ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇ āĻ āĻŋāĻ• 1 kg āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻž āϗ⧇āϞ⧇ –

 āϤ⧁āϞāĻžāϰ āĻ­āϰ āĻ“ āϞ⧋āĻšāĻžāϰ āĻŦāϞāϗ⧁āϞ⧋āϰ āĻ­āϰ āϏāĻŽāĻžāύ

āϤ⧁āϞāĻžāϰ āĻ­āϰ āĻŦ⧇āĻļāĻŋ

āĻ­āϰ⧇āϰ āϤ⧁āϞāĻžāύāĻž āĻŦāϞ⧇āϰ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻžāϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ­āϰ āĻ•āϰāĻŦ⧇

āϤ⧁āϞāĻžāϰ āĻ­āϰ āĻ•āĻŽ

  1. 20 °C 20 °C- 2kg āĻĒāĻžāύāĻŋāϰ āϏāĻ™ā§āĻ—ā§‡Â Â Â Â 50°C    50°C  āĻāϰ 1 kg āĻĒāĻžāύāĻŋ āĻŽāĻŋāĻļāĻžāϞ⧇ āĻŽāĻŋāĻļā§āϰāϪ⧇āϰ āϤāĻžāĻĒāĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰāĻž āĻšāĻŦ⧇ –

35°C 35°C

50°C   50°C

   30°C   30°C

70°C 70°C

  1. āĻĒā§āϝāĻžāϰāĻžāϗ⧁āϟ āĻĻāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āĻāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāύāϏ⧇āύāĻž 5 km āωāĻšā§āϚāϤāĻž āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āύ⧇āĻŽā§‡ āĻāϞāĻžā§‡āĨ¤ āĻ­ā§‚āĻŽāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻļ⧇āϰ āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāϰāĻŖ āĻšāϞ⧋ –

g      g

g(R+5km)2R2(R=Radius of Earth) g(R+5km)2R2(R=Radius of Earth)

gR2(R+5km)2gR2(R+5km)2

  1. āϕ⧋āύāϟāĻŋ āϏāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻĒ⧇āĻ•ā§āώāĻž āĻĻā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦāϞ āĻŦāϞ-

 āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻ•āĻ°ā§āώ āĻŦāϞ

āϚ⧌āĻŽā§āĻŦāĻ• āĻŦāϞ

āϤ⧜āĻŋā§Ž āϚ⧌āĻŽā§āĻŦāĻ• āĻŦāϞ

āύāĻŋāωāĻ•ā§āϞāĻŋ⧟ āĻŦāϞ

  1. āĻ•āĻžāĻœā§‡āϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āϏāĻŦāĻšā§‡ā§Ÿā§‡ āĻŦ⧇āĻļāĻŋ āĻšā§Ÿ āϝāĻ–āύ āĻĒā§āϰāϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ āĻŦāϞ āĻ“ āϏāϰāϪ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āϕ⧋āϪ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻžāύ āĻšāϞ⧋ –

 0° 0°

45°45°

90°  90°

30°    30°

  1. āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāϞ⧁āĻŽāĻŋāύāĻŋ⧟āĻžāĻŽ āύāĻŋāωāĻ•ā§āϞāĻŋ⧟āĻžāϏ⧇āϰ āϏāĻ‚āϕ⧇āϤ āĻšāĻšā§āϛ⧇13Al27        A13l27   āĻāϰ āύāĻŋāωāĻŸā§āϰāύ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻž āĻ•āϤ?

27

13

40

 14

  1. āύāĻŋāĻŽā§āύ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻŋāϟ A-B āĻāϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āϏāĻŽāϤ⧁āĻ˛ā§āϝ āϰ⧋āϧ āĻšāϞ⧋ –

3 Ί

 2 Ί

7 Ί

20 Ί

 

  1. 5 m āĻĻ⧈āĻ°ā§āĻ˜ā§āϝ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 5mm āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāϏāĻŦāĻŋāĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϤāĻžāϰāϕ⧇98 N āĻŦāϞ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āϟāĻžāύāĻž āĻšāϞ⧋āĨ¤ āϤāĻžāϰāϟāĻŋ āĻ•āϤāϟ⧁āϕ⧁ āĻŦ⧃āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāĻŦ⧇[y=2 ×1011 Nm−2][y =2 ×1011 Nm-2]

2×10−2m   2×10-2m

 1.25×10−4m 1.25×10-4m

4×10−2 m     4×10-2 m

1.5×10−2m      1.5×10-2m

  1. āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŸā§āϰ⧇āύ āĻŦāĻžāρāĻļāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāϜāĻžāϞ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϞāĻžāϟāĻĢāĻ°ā§āĻŽā§‡āϰ āĻĻāĻŋāϕ⧇90kmh−190kmh-1āĻ—āϤāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻāĻ—āĻžāĻšā§āϛ⧋āĨ¤ āĻŦāĻžāĻļāĻŋāϰ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāĻ™ā§āĻ• 600Hz āĻ“ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻŦ⧇āĻ—Â Â Â Â Â 325 ms−1      325 ms-1   āĻšāϞ⧇ āĻĻāĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻžā§ŸāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻļā§āϰ⧋āϤāĻžāϰ āĻ•āĻžāύ⧇ āϐ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ⧇āϰ āφāĻĒāĻžāϤ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāĻ™ā§āĻ• āĻ•āϤ āĻŽāύ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇?

440 Hz

550 Hz

445 Hz

 650 Hz

 

 

  1. āĻŦāĻ‚āĻļāĻ—āϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āϝāĻžāϰ āϜāύāĻ• āϕ⧇?

āĻšāĻ˛ā§āĻĄā§‡āύ

 āĻŽā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§‡āϞ

āĻĄāĻžāϰāωāχāύ

āĻšā§‡āϕ⧇āϞ

  1. āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻŖāĻŋāϕ⧁āϞ⧇āϰ āϏāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻŦ⧃āĻšā§Ž āϕ⧋āώ āϕ⧋āύāϟāĻŋ?

āĻ…āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāϕ⧋āώ

āĻ¸ā§āύāĻžā§Ÿā§āϕ⧋āώ

āĻĒ⧇āĻļāĻŋ āϕ⧋āώ

 āωāϟāĻĒāĻžāĻ–āĻŋāϰ āĻĄāĻŋāĻŽ

  1. āϰāĻ•ā§āϤ āϜāĻŽāĻžāĻŸā§‡āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āϕ⧋āύ āωāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻžāύāϟāĻŋāϰ āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§Ÿā§‹āϜāύ āύ⧇āχ?

āĻĨā§āϰāĻŽā§āĻŦā§‹āĻĒā§āϞāĻžāĻ¸ā§āϟāĻŋāύ

āĻĢāĻžāχāĻŦā§āϰāĻŋāύ⧋āĻœā§‡āύ

 āχāύāϏ⧁āϞāĻŋāύ

āĻĒā§āϰ⧋āĻĨā§āϰāĻžāĻŽā§āĻŦāĻŋāύ

  1. ‘āĻŽā§ŒāĻŽāĻžāĻ›āĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāϞāύ’ āϕ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšā§Ÿ?

 āĻāĻĒāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϞāϚāĻžāϰ

āĻšāĻ°ā§āϟāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϞāϚāĻžāϰ

āϏ⧇āϰāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϞāϚāĻžāϰ

āĻ˛ā§āϝāĻžāĻ•āĻ•āĻžāϞāϚāĻžāϰ

  1. ‘āϏāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻŦāϜāύ⧀āύ āĻ—ā§āϰāĻšā§€āϤāĻž’ āϰāĻ•ā§āϤāĻ—ā§āϰ⧁āĻĒ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻŋ āύāĻžāĻŽ?

O

B

 AB

A

  1. āĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āώ⧇āϰ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ­āĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻ• āϰāĻ•ā§āϤāϚāĻžāĻĒ āĻ•āϤ (āϏāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‹āϞ : āĻĄāĻžā§ŸāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‹āϞ)?

170 mm : 95 mm

140 mm : 90 mm

110 mm : 60 mm

 120 mm : 80 mm

  1. āϚāĻŋāĻ‚ā§œāĻŋāϰ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻŦ⧇āϰ āύāĻžāĻŽ āĻ•āĻŋ?

āϏāĻžāχāĻ•ā§āϞ⧋āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‹āĻŽāĻžāϟāĻž

āĻ…āĻ¸ā§āϟāĻŋāĻ•āĻĨāĻžāχāϏ

 āφāĻ°ā§āĻĨā§āϰ⧋āĻĒā§‹āĻĄāĻž

āĻŽā§‹āϞāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ•āĻž

  1. āϕ⧋āύ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻŖā§€āϤ⧇ āĻĄāĻžā§ŸāĻžāĻĢā§āϰāĻžāĻŽ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇?

āĻĒāĻžāĻ–āĻŋ

 āĻ¸ā§āϤāĻ¨ā§āϝāĻĒāĻžā§Ÿā§€

āĻŽāĻžāĻ›

āϏāϰ⧀āϏ⧃āĻĒ

  1. āĻŽāĻžāύāĻŦāĻĻ⧇āĻšā§‡āϰ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϕ⧋āώ⧇ āĻ…āĻŸā§‹āϏ⧋āĻŽā§‡āϰ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻž āĻ•āϤ?

22

 44

46

48

  1. āύāĻŋāĻŽā§āύ⧇ āωāĻ˛ā§āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻŋāϤ āϕ⧋āύ āωāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻžāύāϟāĻŋ āϕ⧋āώ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻžāϜāύ⧇āϰ āωāĻĻā§āĻĻā§€āĻĒāĻ• ?

āύāĻŋāωāĻ•ā§āϞāĻŋ⧟ āĻāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āϞāĻŋ

āĻŽāĻžāχāĻŸā§‹āĻ•āĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§āϰāĻŋ⧟āĻž

 āϏ⧇āĻ¨ā§āĻŸā§āϰāĻŋāĻ“āϞ

āĻ—āϞāĻ—āĻŋ āĻŦāĻĄāĻŋ

  1. āϏāĻžāϞ⧋āĻ•āϏāĻ‚āĻļā§āϞ⧇āώāϪ⧇ āωāĻĻā§āϭ⧁āϤ āĻ…āĻ•ā§āϏāĻŋāĻœā§‡āύ āĻāϰ āĻ‰ā§ŽāϏ āϕ⧋āύāϟāĻŋ ?

CO2CO2

  H2O     H2O

āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§āϰ⧋āĻŽāĻž

āĻ—ā§āϰāĻžāύāĻž

  1. NADP āĻ•āĻŋ?

āĻāύāϜāĻžāχāĻŽ

 āϕ⧋āĻāύāϜāĻžāχāĻŽ

āĻ­āĻŋāϟāĻžāĻŽāĻŋāύ

āĻĢāĻžāχāĻŸā§‹āĻšāϰāĻŽā§‹āύ

  1. āĻšā§āϝāĻžāϚ āĻ“ āĻ¸ā§āϞāĻžāĻ• āϚāĻ•ā§āϰ⧇ C4C4  āωāĻĻā§āĻ­āĻŋāĻĻ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžā§Ÿā§€ āĻĒāĻĻāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻ•āĻŋ?

āĻŽā§āϝāĻžāϞāĻŋāĻ• āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāϏāĻŋāĻĄ

āĻĒāĻžāχāϰ⧁āĻ­āĻŋāĻ• āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāϏāĻŋāĻĄ

āĻĢāϏāĻĢā§‹āĻ—ā§āϞāĻŋāϏāĻžāϰāĻŋāĻ• āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāϏāĻŋāĻĄ

 āĻ…āĻ•ā§āϏāĻžāϞ⧋ āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāϏāĻŋāϟāĻŋāĻ• āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāϏāĻŋāĻĄ

  1. āĻĒā§āϰ⧋āϟāĻŋāύ āϏāĻ‚āĻļā§āϞ⧇āώāĻŖāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧀ āĻ•ā§āώ⧁āĻĻā§āϰāĻžāĻ™ā§āϗ⧇āϰ āύāĻžāĻŽ āϕ⧀?

āϞāĻžāχāϏ⧋āϏ⧋āĻŽ

āĻŽāĻžāχāĻ•ā§āϰ⧋āϏ⧋āĻŽ

 āϰāĻžāχāĻŦā§‹āϏ⧋āĻŽ

āϏ⧇āĻ¨ā§āĻŸā§‹āϏ⧋āĻŽ

  1. āωāĻšā§āϚ āϰāĻ•ā§āϤāϚāĻžāĻĒ āύāĻŋ⧟āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰāϪ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻšā§Ÿ āϕ⧋āύ āωāĻĻā§āĻ­āĻŋāĻĻ?

āĻĒ⧁āύāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻ­āĻž

 āϏāĻ°ā§āĻĒāĻ—āĻ¨ā§āϧāĻž

āύ⧟āύāϤāĻžāϰāĻž

āĻ•āĻžāϞāĻŽā§‡āϘ

  1. āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļ āϕ⧋āύ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻŖāĻŋāϭ⧌āĻ—ā§‹āϞāĻŋāĻ• āĻāϞāĻžāĻ•āĻžāϰ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϤāĻ°ā§āĻ—āϤ?

āύ⧇āφāĻ°ā§āĻ•āϟāĻŋāĻ•

 āĻ“āϰāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡āĻ¨ā§āϟāĻžāϞ

āύāĻŋā§Ÿā§‹āĻŸā§āϰāĻĒāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϝāĻžāϞ

āĻĒ⧇āϞāĻŋāφāĻ°ā§āĻ•āϟāĻŋāĻ•

  1. DNA āĻ…āϪ⧁āϰ āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻŽāĻĄā§‡āϞ āϤ⧈āϰāĻŋ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻž āύ⧋āĻŦ⧇āϞ āĻĒ⧁āϰāĻ¸ā§āĻ•āĻžāϰ āĻĒā§‡ā§Ÿā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ?

āĻŦā§āĻ°ā§āϰāĻžāωāύ āĻ“ āĻŽāĻŋāĻšā§‡āϞ

āĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻ—āĻžāύ, āĻĄā§āϜāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĄāĻŋāύ āĻ“ āĻĒā§‹āĻ°ā§āϟāĻžāϰ

 āĻ“ā§ŸāĻžāϟāϏāύ , āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāĻ• āĻ“ āωāχāϞāĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϏ

āĻ“ā§ŸāĻžāϟāϏāύ āĻ“ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāĻ•

  1. āφāχāϞ⧇āϟāϏ āĻ…āĻŦ āĻ˛ā§āϝāĻžāĻ™ā§āĻ—āĻžāϰāĻšā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϏ āϕ⧋āĻĨāĻžā§Ÿ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇?

āĻŦ⧃āĻ•ā§āĻ•

āϝāĻ•ā§ƒāϤ

āĻĢ⧁āϏāĻĢ⧁āϏ

 āĻ…āĻ—ā§āĻ¨ā§āϝāĻžāĻļ⧟

  1. āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļ⧇ āϕ⧋āύ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻŖāĻŋāϭ⧌āĻ—ā§‹āϞāĻŋāĻ• āĻāϞāĻžāĻ•āĻžāϰ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϤāĻ°ā§āĻ—āϤ ?

āĻĒ⧇āϰāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§āϰ⧋āĻŽāĻŋ⧟āĻžāĻŽ

 āĻ“āϰāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻŸā§‹āϞ

āύāĻŋā§Ÿā§‹āĻŸā§āϰāĻĒāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϝāĻžāϞ

āύ⧇āφāĻ°ā§āĻ•āϟāĻŋāĻ•

  1. āĻ…āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāϰ āĻŦāĻžāχāϰ⧇āϰ āφāĻŦāϰāĻŖāϕ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻŦāϞ⧇?

āĻĒ⧇āϰāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§āϰ⧋āĻŽāĻŋ⧟āĻžāĻŽ

āĻĒ⧇āϰāĻŋāĻŸā§‹āύāĻŋ⧟āĻžāĻŽ

āĻĒ⧇āϰāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĄāĻŋ⧟āĻžāĻŽ

 āĻĒ⧇āϰāĻŋāĻ…āĻ¸ā§āϟāĻŋ⧟āĻžāĻŽ

  1. āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āωāĻĻā§āĻ­āĻŋāĻĻ āϕ⧋āώāϕ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰ⧋āĻ•ā§āϝāĻžāϰāĻŋāĻ“āϟ āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšā§Ÿ āϝāĻ–āύ –

āϕ⧋āώ⧇ āĻŽāĻžāχāĻŸā§‹āĻ•āĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§āϰāĻŋ⧟āĻž āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇ āύāĻž

 āϏ⧁āϏāĻ‚āĻ—āĻ āĻŋāϤ āύāĻŋāωāĻ•ā§āϞāĻŋ⧟āĻžāϏ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻĒāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāϤ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇

āϕ⧋āώ⧇ DNA āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇ āύāĻž

āϕ⧋āώ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϟāĻŋāύ āĻ“ DNA āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āĻ—āĻ āĻŋāϤ

  1. āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāϤāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāϤ⧇āĻœā§€ āϜāύ⧁āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŽ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻž āϝāĻžā§Ÿ āϕ⧋āύ āωāĻĻā§āĻ­āĻŋāĻĻ⧇ ?

Sargassum

Spirogyra

Riccia

 Pteris

  1. āĻĒāĻžāϤāĻžā§Ÿ āϤ⧈āϰāĻŋ āĻ–āĻžāĻĻā§āϝ āϝāĻžāϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻ§ā§āϝāĻŽā§‡ āĻ—āĻžāϛ⧇āϰ āϏāĻŦ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļ⧇ āϝāĻžā§Ÿ –

āĻ•ā§āϞ⧋āϰ⧇āύāĻ•āĻžāχāĻŽāĻž

 āĻĢā§āĻ˛ā§‹ā§Ÿā§‡āĻŽ

āϜāĻžāχāϞ⧇āĻŽ

āϕ⧋āϞ⧇āύāĻ•āĻžāχāĻŽāĻž

  1. āϜāĻžāϤāĻŋāϜāύāĻŋ āĻļā§āϰ⧇āĻŖāĻŋāĻŦāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϝāĻžāϏ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāĻ• āϕ⧇?

āĻŦ⧇āĻ¨ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻŽ āĻ“ āĻšā§āĻ•āĻžāϰ

āĻ•ā§āϝāĻžāϰ⧋āϞāĻžāϏ āϞāĻŋāύāĻŋ⧟āĻžāϏ

āĻĨāĻŋāĻ“āĻĢā§āϰāĻžāĻ¸ā§āϟāĻžāϏ

 āĻāĻ™ā§āĻ—āϞāĻžāϰ āĻ“ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϟāϞ

  1. āĻ“āĻœā§‹āύ āĻ¸ā§āϤāϰ āĻ§ā§āĻŦāĻ‚āϏ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻĻāĻžā§Ÿā§€ āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύ āωāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻžāύ āĻšāĻšā§āϛ⧇-

CO2 CO2

CO CO

   CFC  CFC

NO2  NO2

  1. āύāĻŋāĻŽā§āύ⧇ āωāĻ˛ā§āϞāĻŋāĻ–āĻŋāϤ āϕ⧋āύ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻŖā§€āϟāĻŋ āϕ⧇āĻŦāϞ āĻ“āϰāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡āĻ¨ā§āϟāĻžāϞ āϰāĻŋāϜāĻŋ⧟āύ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāĻ“ā§ŸāĻž āϝāĻžā§Ÿ?

āĻĄā§‹āϰāĻž āĻŦāĻžāϘ

 āĻŦāύāĻŽā§‹āϰāĻ—

āĻšāĻžāϤāĻŋ

āĻœā§‡āĻŦā§āϰāĻž

  1. āĻĢāϏāĻĢā§‹āϰāĻžāχāϞ⧇āĻļāύ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋ⧟āĻž āĻ•ā§Ÿ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāϰ?

āĻāĻ•

āĻĻ⧁āχ

 āϤāĻŋāύ

āϚāĻžāϰ

  1. āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ•āĻŸā§‡āϰāĻŋāĻ“āĻĢāĻžāϝ āĻ•āĻŋ?

āĻāĻ• āϧāϰāύ⧇āϰ HIV

āĻ­āĻžāχāϰāĻžāϏ āĻ§ā§āĻŦāĻ‚āϏāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧀ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ•āĻŸā§‡āϰāĻŋ⧟āĻž

āĻŽāĻžāύāĻŦāĻĻ⧇āĻšā§‡ āĻāĻ• āϏāĻ‚āĻ•ā§āϰāĻžāĻŽāĻ• āĻ­āĻžāχāϰāĻžāϏ

 āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ•āĻŸā§‡āϰāĻŋ⧟āĻž āĻ§ā§āĻŦāĻ‚āϏāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧀ āĻ­āĻžāχāϰāĻžāϏ

  1. āĻ­āĻžāχāϰāĻžāϏ āϝāĻž āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āĻ—āĻ āĻŋāϤ –

āĻĒā§āϰ⧋āϟāĻŋāύ āĻ“ āϚāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻŋ

āĻĒā§āϰ⧋āϟāĻŋāύ āĻ“ āĻ­āĻŋāϟāĻžāĻŽāĻŋāύ

 āĻĒā§āϰ⧋āϟāĻŋāύ āĻ“ āύāĻŋāωāĻ•ā§āϞāĻŋāĻ• āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāϏāĻŋāĻĄ

āϚāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻŋ āĻ“ āύāĻŋāωāĻ•ā§āϞāĻŋāĻ• āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāϏāĻŋāĻĄ

  1. āĻŽāĻŋā§Ÿā§‹āϏāĻŋāϏ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋ⧟āĻžā§Ÿ āϕ⧋āύ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāĻžā§Ÿā§‡ āĻ•ā§āϰ⧋āĻŽā§‹āϏ⧋āĻŽ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻž āĻ…āĻ°ā§āϧ⧇āĻ• āĻšā§Ÿ?

āĻŽā§‡āϟāĻžāĻĢ⧇āϜ-ā§§

 āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāύāĻžāĻĢ⧇āϜ-ā§§

āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāύāĻžāĻĢ⧇āϜ-⧍

āϟāĻŋāϞ⧋āĻĢ⧇āϜ-⧍

āύāĻŋāĻœā§‡āϰ āϏ⧁āĻŦāĻŋāϧāĻžāĻŽāϤ āĻĒ⧜āĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āϟāĻžāχāĻŽāϞāĻžāχāύ⧇ āĻļā§‡ā§ŸāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āϰāĻžāϖ⧁āύ

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